Havemeyers and Elder Sugar Refinery, circa 1870, Atlantic Publishing and Engraving Company. M1979.1.1. Brooklyn Public Library, Center for Brooklyn History.

Brendan Cooper, author of “The Domino Effect: Politics, Policy, and the Consolidation of the Sugar Refining Industry in the United States, 1789–1895,” on the rise and fall of the enormous Williamsburg, Brooklyn factory.

Brooklyn: Havemeyer & Elder sugar elevator and dock, Kent Avenue between South 5th Street and South 1st Street in Williamsburg, undated (ca. 1895-1910). Later American Sugar, Domino Sugar.

\[The Havemeyer House. Southwest Corner of Madison Avenue and 38th Street.] The Havemeyer House at the corner of Madison Ave. and 38th St. A horse and carriage are visible in front of the building.

Havemeyer residence, Fifth Avenue and East 66th Street, New York City, April 16, 1891.

No shortage here Caption: "No shortage here--Thousands of bags of raw sugar are stacked in enormous warehouse of \[American Sugar Refining Company] plant \[located on Kent Avenue between Division Avenue and South 11th Street], which produces 3,500,000 pounds of Domino sugars of various types in a single day ... Plant ... employs about 1,500 persons \[and] is one of largest in the country. Domino is American Sugar's trade name."

American Sugar Refining Co Image represented is one of a related set (WORK 0211, WORK 0200, WORK 0201, WORK 0208, WORK 0195, WORK 0228, WORK 0202), some of which may also be described in this new record; Eight exterior views, in different sizes, of American Sugar Refining Company buildings, located on Kent Avenue between Division Avenue and South 11th Street. Four of the images include view of waterfront and New York Harbor. Three of the images are not dated.

\[American Sugar Refining Company] Image represented is one of a related set (WORK 0206, WORK 0204, WORK 0203, WORK 0198), some of which may also be described in this new record; Five views of employees working at various jobs at American Sugar Refining Company located on Kent Avenue between Division Avenue and South 11th Street. Four of the images are interior views; one is exterior. Employees pictured are: Robert Pope of 812 Putnam Avenue, Rudy Mathdis of 1872 Menahan Street, Frank Schmidbauer of Glendale, Helen Barbowski of 96 Wythe Avenue, and Anthony Bula of 51 Division Avenue.

\[American Sugar Refining Company] Image represented is one of a related set (WORK 0206, WORK 0204, WORK 0203, WORK 0198), some of which may also be described in this new record; Five views of employees working at various jobs at American Sugar Refining Company located on Kent Avenue between Division Avenue and South 11th Street. Four of the images are interior views; one is exterior. Employees pictured are: Robert Pope of 812 Putnam Avenue, Rudy Mathdis of 1872 Menahan Street, Frank Schmidbauer of Glendale, Helen Barbowski of 96 Wythe Avenue, and Anthony Bula of 51 Division Avenue.

American Sugar Refining Co Image represented is one of a related set (WORK 0211, WORK 0200, WORK 0201, WORK 0208, WORK 0195, WORK 0228, WORK 0202), some of which may also be described in this new record; Eight exterior views, in different sizes, of American Sugar Refining Company buildings, located on Kent Avenue between Division Avenue and South 11th Street. Four of the images include view of waterfront and New York Harbor. Three of the images are not dated.